Cryonics Funding
Public Comments (1,135)
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Apr 6th, 2015Someone from Allston, MA signed.
Apr 6th, 2015Someone from Chicago, IL signed.
Apr 4th, 2015Someone from New York, NY signed.
Apr 3rd, 2015Someone from Glen Ellyn, IL writes:
The Cryonics Institute (CI) has been using a mixture for vitrification of the brains of cryopreserved pets and humans since August 2004, when it first did an experimental perfusion of the dog of a CI Member. The vitrification mixture goes by the name CI−VM−1 (CI Vitrification Mixture one) and was developed by CI Staff Cryobiologist Yuri Pichugin, PhD. The first published use of the vitrification mixture was in February 2005 with the vitrification of the dog Thor. The first human use was in August 2005 with the the vitrification of the 69th CI Patient. In August 2006 the Cryonics Institute filed a preliminary patent application for CI−VM−1 in anticipation of filing a complete patent application. Although a patent application was prepared, legal counsel advised that the chances of getting a patent were very slim because of commercial use more than one year prior to filing the preliminary patent application. We were advised to publish the CI vitrification and carrier solutions as a defensive measure so that others would not be able to prevent CI from using them. The final vitrification perfusion of Cryonics Institute cryonics patients is done using a 70% solution of CI−VM−1 in a carrier solution developed by Dr. Pichugin which he calls m−RPS−2 (modified Renal Preservation Solution two). About 8.3 liters of 70% CI−VM−1 is made with: 2.83 liters Ethylene glycol (3.15 kilograms) + 2.83 liters DMSO (3.14 kilograms) + 1.0 liter of (9X concentrated) carrier solution (about one kilogram) + 1.70 liters of water (about 1.7 kilograms) The exact volume does not matter so much because 70% (w/w) is based on a weight/weight calculation: About 6.3 kilograms cryoprotectant divided by 9 kilograms total gives about 70% (w/w). The carrier solution is composed of 28 mM/L potassium chloride, 230 mM/L glucose and 10 mM/L organic TRIS − HCl buffer. One liter of 9 times (9X) concentrated carrier solution is made with 19 grams of KCl (potassium chloride), 372 grams of glucose and 11 grams of Tris [2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] in 72 milliliters of 1.0 Normal HCl (hydrochloric acid) filtered in a 2 micron filter. VM-1 is not filtered. A determination of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of CI−VM−1 made by the cryobiological research company 21st Century Medicine gave the following results: 60% (w/w) CI−VM−1 ==> Tg = −123ºC 70% (w/w) CI−VM−1 ==> Tg = −121ºC Dr. Pichugin believes that the combination of his vitrification solution and carrier solution are well optimized for both low viscosity and minimal expense, while providing powerful vitrification capability. He does not believe in the value of high molecular mass agents such as proteins, dextrans, HES, PVP, etc, to support oncotic pressure in brain perfusion in CI's protocol because he believes these agents increase viscosity andApr 2nd, 2015Someone from Glen Ellyn, IL signed.
Apr 1st, 2015Someone from Beverly Hills, CA signed.
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Mar 27th, 2015Someone from Glen Ellyn, IL signed.
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